Lettre ouverte à tous les chefs de gouvernement du Commonwealth

Des organisations de la société civile à travers le monde demandent aux autorités rwandaises d’autoriser une enquête indépendante, impartiale et efficace sur sa mort en détention du chanteur populaire de gospel et activiste pour la paix Kizito Mihigo. Alors que vos gouvernements marquent Commonwealth Day aujourd’hui et s’apprêtent à participer au sommet des chefs de gouvernement du Commonwealth à Kigali en juin, nous vous écrivons pour vous demander de vous engager auprès de vos homologues du gouvernement rwandais afin de soutenir cet appel.

Open letter to all Commonwealth Heads of Government

Civil society organisations around the world are calling on the Rwandan authorities to allow an independent, impartial, and effective investigation into the death in custody of Kizito Mihigo, a popular gospel singer and peace activist. As your governments mark Commonwealth Day today and prepare to attend the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Kigali in June, we are writing to ask you to engage with your counterparts in the Rwandan government in support of this call.

À la veille de la 26ème Conférence des Parties des Nations Unies sur le changement climatique (COP26), qui se tiendra à Glasgow, au Royaume-Uni, du 31 octobre au 12 novembre 2021, CIVICUS a interrogé des militants, des dirigeants et des experts de la société civile sur les défis environnementaux auxquels ils sont confrontés dans leur contexte, les actions qu’ils entreprennent pour y faire face et leurs attentes pour le sommet à venir.

CIVICUS s’entretient avec Theophile Hatagekimana, secrétaire exécutif de Rwanda Environment Awareness Organization (REAO), une organisation de la société civile rwandaise qui œuvre à la sensibilisation au changement climatique et aux questions environnementales et promeut la mise en œuvre de politiques de gestion environnementale rationnelle.

Quel est le principal problème environnemental de votre communauté sur lequel vous travaillez ?

Nous travaillons sur la résilience et l’atténuation du changement climatique dans le respect des droits humains. Ces dernières années, nous avons commencé à collaborer aux efforts du gouvernement pour réduire la quantité de combustible utilisée pour la cuisine des ménages. Nous avons uni nos forces sur cette initiative et d’autres, car le gouvernement rwandais est très proactif en matière d’atténuation du changement climatique.

Dans le cadre de ce projet, nous enseignons aux personnes vulnérables, notamment les jeunes femmes, les femmes pauvres, les mères adolescentes célibataires et les victimes d’abus sexuels, à utiliser des méthodes de cuisson améliorées telles que les cuisinières au lieu du bois de chauffage, ce qui permet non seulement d’éviter l’abattage de nombreux arbres et de réduire leur exposition aux émissions toxiques dans leur maison, mais aussi de gagner beaucoup de temps. Nous les encourageons à consacrer le temps ainsi gagné à des activités d’épanouissement personnel, d’éducation et d’interaction sociale, et à s’engager dans des activités génératrices de revenus.

Nous plantons également des arbres pour restaurer les forêts, et plantons et distribuons des arbres agroforestiers, qui rendent le sol plus résilient et capable de faire face à des événements climatiques extrêmes tels que les sécheresses et les fortes pluies, tout en fournissant de la nourriture, du fourrage, des matières premières industrielles, du bois, du combustible et du paillis, contribuant ainsi à diversifier les régimes alimentaires et les revenus. L’un de nos projets consiste à acheter des graines et à les planter dans les écoles, dans le cadre d’un programme qui comprend l’éducation environnementale, la démonstration des principes environnementaux en développant des pratiques vertes dans la vie quotidienne, et le développement d’une éthique environnementale.

Bien qu’il puisse sembler que nous ne travaillons que sur la protection de l’environnement, nous sommes en réalité très préoccupés par la dimension « droits humains » de la protection de l’environnement. C’est pourquoi nous nous opposons à la pratique consistant à déplacer des personnes sans leur accorder une compensation adéquate. Nous sensibilisons les personnes aux droits que leur confère la loi et les aidons à les faire valoir si nécessaire. Nous leur fournissons les outils nécessaires pour qu’ils apprennent à connaître leurs droits tels qu’ils sont définis par le droit international et le droit rwandais.

Quel lien entretenez-vous avec le mouvement international pour le climat ?

De nombreux militants, dont je fais partie, entretiennent des liens personnels avec des organisations internationales et avec leurs pairs dans le monde entier. Mais aussi au niveau organisationnel, nous essayons d’entrer en contact avec d’autres groupes qui ont une mission similaire à la nôtre et de participer à des réseaux et coalitions sur le climat et l’environnement. Le REAO est membre du Rwanda Climate Change and Development Network, une association nationale d’organisations environnementales. Au niveau international, nous travaillons en réseau avec d’autres organisations impliquées dans la protection et l’atténuation du changement climatique, et avons collaboré avec l’Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature et le Programme des Nations unies pour le développement, entre autres.

Dans quelle mesure espérez-vous que la COP26 fera des progrès en matière d’atténuation du changement climatique ?

Nous saluons tous les efforts internationaux visant à prendre des décisions coordonnées pour protéger l’environnement et améliorer le bien-être des communautés, et nous espérons que la COP26 débouchera sur des actions concrètes pour lutter contre le changement climatique et la dégradation de l’environnement. Au niveau du discours, bien sûr, tout ce que les dirigeants des pays disent sur la scène mondiale est exactement ce que nous voulons entendre ; rien de tout cela ne va à l’encontre de notre mission, de notre vision et de nos valeurs. Nous espérons qu’à la COP26, ces paroles se traduiront par des engagements qui entraîneront un changement positif dans le comportement de leurs pays en matière de climat.

Quel changement voudriez-vous voir - dans le monde ou dans votre communauté - pour aider à résoudre la crise climatique ?

Au niveau mondial, nous voulons que les plus gros pollueurs agissent pour réduire considérablement leurs émissions. Des pays comme la Chine, l’Inde, les États-Unis et d’autres doivent prendre des décisions claires et agir sur le changement climatique, ou nous subirons tous les conséquences de leur inaction. Nous attendons des grands pollueurs qu’ils assument le coût des solutions pour le climat et que la facture soit réglée.

Au niveau local, nous espérons que les conditions de vie des communautés défavorisées s’amélioreront et s’adapteront au changement climatique avec le soutien de politiques publiques appropriées et de financements gouvernementaux.

L’espace civique auRwanda est classé « réprimé »par leCIVICUS Monitor.
Contactez Rwanda Environment Awareness Organization via sonsite web et sa pageFacebook. 

In the run-up to the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26), which will take place in Glasgow, UK between 31 October and 12 November 2021, CIVICUS is interviewing civil society activists, leaders and experts about the environmental challenges they face in their contexts, the actions they are undertaking to tackle them and their expectations for the upcoming summit.

CIVICUS speaks with Theophile Hatagekimana, Executive Secretary of Rwanda Environment Awareness Organisation (REAO), a Rwandan civil society organisation that works to create awareness about climate change and environmental issues and to promote sound environmental management policies.

What’s the key environmental issue in your community that you’re working on?

We work on climate change resilience and mitigation with respect for human rights. In recent years we have started collaborating with government efforts to reduce the amount of fuel used for cooking at the household level. We have joined forces with the Rwandan government in this and other initiatives because they are being very proactive in the area of climate change mitigation.

Within this project, we teach vulnerable people, including young women, poor women, adolescent single mothers, and victims of sexual abuse, how to use improved cooking methods such as stoves instead of firewood, which not only saves trees and reduces their exposure to toxic emissions in their homes, but also saves them a lot of time. We encourage them to allocate the time saved in the process to self-development activities including education and social interaction, as well as to engage in income-generating activities.

We also plant trees to restore forests and we plant and distribute agroforestry trees, which make the soil more resilient and able to tackle extreme climatic events such as drought and torrential rain, as well as providing food, forage, industrial raw materials, lumber, fuel, and mulch, helping diversify diets and income. One of our projects focuses on purchasing seeds and planting them in schools, within the framework of a programme that includes ecological literacy, the demonstration of environmental principles by developing green practices on a day-to-day basis, and the development of environmental ethics.

Though it might seem that we work only on environment protection, we are in fact very concerned with the human rights dimension of environmental protection, so we oppose the practice of displacing people without proper compensation. We raise awareness among the public about their rights as provided in law and support them to claim them when necessary. A case in point is that of the Batwa Indigenous people who are often expelled from their land, so we provide them the tools so that they will know their rights as provided in international and Rwandan law.

How do you connect with the broader international climate movement?

Many activists, including myself, maintain personal connections with international organisations and peers around the world. But also at the organisational level, we try to connect with other groups that have a similar mission to ours and take part in climate and environmental networks and coalitions. REAO is a member of the Rwanda Climate Change and Development Network, a national association of environment defenders’ organisations. At the international level, we network with other organisations that work on climate change protection and mitigation, and we have worked in partnership with the International Union for Conservation of Nature and the United Nations Development Programme, among others.

What hopes, if any, do you have for COP26 to make any progress in climate change mitigation?

We welcome all international efforts aimed at making coordinated decisions to protect the environment and improve the wellbeing of communities, and we are hopeful that COP26 will result in the adoption of concrete measures to address climate change and environmental degradation. At the discursive level, of course, all that national leaders say on the global stage is exactly what we want to hear; none of it goes against our mission, vision and values. We hope that at COP26 those words will translate into commitments that will result in positive change in their countries’ behaviour on climate issues.

What one change would you like to see – in the world or in your community – to help address the climate crisis?

On the global level, we want to see action by the countries that are the biggest polluters aimed at reducing it substantially. Countries like China, India, the USA and others should take clear decisions and act on climate change issues or we will all face the consequences of their inaction. We hope that big polluters will pay for climate solutions and the bill will be settled.

At the local level, we hope to see the living conditions of less advantaged communities improve and adapt to climate change with the support of government policies and funding.

Civic space inRwandais rated as ‘repressed’by theCIVICUS Monitor.
Get in touch with Rwanda Environment Awareness Organisation through itswebsite andFacebook page. 

All UN member states have their human rights records reviewed every 4.5 years.  CIVICUS  and partners make UN Universal Periodic Review submissions on civil society space in Australia, Lebanon, Mauritania, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, and Rwanda

CIVICUS and its partners have made joint and stand-alone UN Universal Periodic Review (UPR) submissions on 7 countries in advance of the 37^th UPR session (January 2021). The submissions examine the state of civil society in each country, including the promotion and protection of the rights to freedom of association, peaceful assembly and expression and the environment for human rights defenders. We further provide an assessment of the States’ domestic implementation of civic space recommendations received during the 2nd UPR cycle over 4 years ago and provide a number of targeted follow-up recommendations.

Australia –This submission raises alarm over the increasing criminalisation of climate and environmental movements and defenders, including Indigenous peoples, scientists, student strikers and environmental organisations, in the wake of Australia’s recent bushfires. It further discusses the unwarranted restrictions on media freedoms due, in large part, to an increase in police raids on independent media outlets. Moreover, its expresses concern over recent attempts to silence whistle-blowers who reveal government wrongdoing under the Intelligence Services Act.

Lebanon – In its submission CIVICUS, the Gulf Centre for Human Rights, International Media Support (IMS), Social Media Exchange (SMEX) examine how the  government has persistently failed to address the brutal and violent dispersal of peaceful protests, the arrest and prosecution of journalists and protesters and restrictions on the activities of CSOs advocating for women’s and LGBTQI+ rights. It also discusses legal and extra-legal restrictions on the freedom of association and, in particular, the systematic targeting of associations and activities by the LGBTQI+ community. Moreover, it assesses the continued deterioration of the freedom of expression, as highlighted by the increase in judicial proceedings against media outlets critical of the authorities, threats to digital rights, raids and attacks by security forces and sometimes by members of the public on media outlets.

Mauritania (FR) – CIVICUS and Réseau Ouest-Africain des Défenseurs des Droits Humains/ West African Human Rights Defenders Network (ROADDH / WAHRDN) demonstrates that since its last review, the Government of Mauritania has not implemented any of the recommendations relating to civic space. Instead, civic space in Mauritania remains repressed, and civil society actors, especially those working on anti-slavery campaigns and seeking to end racial and ethnic discrimination are frequently targeted and intimidated by the state. Civil society actors face legal and practical barriers to exercising their rights to association and peacefully assembly, which is hampered by the 1964 Law on Associations and Law No. 73-008 on Public Assemblies.

Myanmar– The submission by CIVICUS, Free Expression Myanmar and Asia Democracy Network highlights the use of an array of unwarrantedly restrictive laws to arrest and prosecute human rights defenders, activists, journalists and government critics for the peaceful exercise of their freedoms of association and expression. It also documents the restrictions on peaceful protests in law and practice, the arbitrary arrest and prosecution of protesters and the use of excessive force and firearms to disperse protests against government policies and land disputes with businesses.

Nepal –CIVICUS and Freedom Forum examine howrepressive laws, including amendments made to Nepal’s criminal code, have been used to limit the work of independent CSOs and suppress the freedom of expression. The submission further discusses how the ongoing attacks against journalists and the suppression of peaceful assembly continues to undermine civil space in the country. An evaluation of a range of legal sources and human rights documentation addressed in this submission demonstrate that the Government of Nepal has not implemented any of the recommendations relating to civic space during its previous UPR examination.

Oman –The Omani Association for Human Rights, Gulf Centre for Human Rights and CIVICUS highlight the closure of civic space in Oman and the use of restrictive legislation to target human rights defenders, journalists and writers and civil society organisations.  We outline concerns over the forced closure of human rights organisations, the shutting down of independent newspapers and the banning of books and other publications.  Human rights defenders and journalists are often subjected to arbitrary arrests and judicial persecution for their reporting and human rights activities. Due to these restrictions, several human rights defenders and their families have fled into exile.  Freedom of peaceful assembly is also severely restricted as provisions in the Penal Code are used to pre-empt and prevent protests and stop those that actually take place. 

Rwanda –The submission byCIVICUS and DefendDefenders (EHAHRDP) outlines serious concerns related to the unabated repression of the work of human rights defenders, civil society activists and journalists. The submission explores how restrictions on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly, association, expression and access to information have been codified and willfully misapplied under Law No. 68/2018  (on assembly), Law N0 04/12 (on association and activities of CSOs), and the Law on Prevention and Punishment of Cybercrimes (expression and access to information). The Submission makes a number of action-oriented recommendations in accordance with the rights enshrined in the Rwandan Constitution, the ICCPR, the UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders and Human Rights Council resolutions 22/6, 27/5 and 27/31. 

See all of our UPR submissions here.

Country civic space ratings from the CIVICUS Monitor: 

Australia, Lebanon, Mauritania, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Rwanda

CIVICUS and 85 other organisations reiterate the call for an independent investigation

Rwandan authorities must allow an independent, impartial and effective investigation into the death of the Rwandan journalist John Williams Ntwali, 86 civil society organizations and media associations said today, reiterating a January 31 appeal. A credible process should be carried out given the hasty conviction of the driver of the car allegedly involved in a collision with the motorcycle he was travelling on and the lack of transparency surrounding the investigation.

Statement on Rwanda ahead of Universal Periodic Review on Human Rights

A United Nations review of Rwanda’s human rights record is an opportunity to shed light on civic space restrictions in the country, DefendDefenders and CIVICUS said ahead of Rwanda’s third Universal Periodic Review (UPR), which will take place on Monday 25 January 2021 in Geneva. These restrictions include attacks on civil society actors and citizens seeking to peacefully exercise their rights to free expression, assembly, and association.

“We are concerned over the vast and growing disconnect between the law and the practice in Rwanda,” said Hassan Shire, Executive Director, DefendDefenders. “The government should use the recommendations offered by states, UN experts, and civil society to take corrective action and ensure that Rwandan citizens are able to exercise their rights.”

Rwanda’s authorities have seriously restricted civic space. Human rights defenders, civil society members, and journalists face threats, intimidation, targeted attacks, smear campaigns, surveillance, reprisals for cooperating with the UN, and the risk of arbitrary arrest, detention, and judicial harassment. Opposition political parties and associations face undue obstacles, including to register and peacefully demonstrate, as well as government infil-tration attempts.

Altogether, the restrictions documented in a report by DefendDefenders and CIVICUS have given rise to a “hostile environment” for freedom of expression, both online and offline, and for the media. Citizens and journalists face risks of arrest and prosecution on “defamation,” “cybercrimes,” and other charges.

“Civil society is a valuable partner in governance, and should not be treated as the enemy,” said Mandeep Tiwana, Chief Programmes Officer, CIVICUS. “Rwandan authorities should stop interfering with civil society activities, duly investigate attacks against civil society actors, and punish perpetrators if they are serious about good governance.”

Ahead of the session, DefendDefenders and CIVICUS submitted a report analysing Rwanda’s implementation of the recommendations it received during its second UPR, in 2015, and developments regarding civic space. The report formulates recommendations which UN member states can take up during Rwanda’s review in order to push the Rwandan government to end violations and improve the situation.

The UPR is a process set up by the Human Rights Council, the UN’s principal human rights body. Every four-and-a-half to five years, every UN member state goes through a review of its human rights record in a process in which it receives recommendations from other states, which it can accept or reject. Civil society can participate in the process by submitting “alternative reports” and engaging in advocacy at the national and UN levels.

For more information, please contact:

Hassan Shire
Executive Director, DefendDefenders or +256 772 753 753 (English and Somali)

Nicolas Agostini
Representative to the United Nations, DefendDefenders or +41 79 813 49 91 (English and French)

David Kode
Advocacy and Campaigns Manager, CIVICUS or +27 73 775 8649 (English)

Susan Wilding
Head of Geneva Office, CIVICUS or +41 79 605 46 94 (English)

Civic space in Rwanda is rated as Repressed by the CIVICUS Monitor, see country page.

Statement at 47th Session of the UN Human Rights Council

Universal Periodic Review on Human Rights -- Outcome Adoption for Rwanda

CIVICUS and its partners welcome the government of Rwanda’s engagement with the UPR process and particularly for accepting 160 out 284 UPR recommendations. We also welcome the revision of the Penal Code and decriminalization of all press-related offences, including defamation; enshrining the freedoms of opinion, expression, the press, association and peaceful assembly in the Constitution; as well as expanding media space, resulting in an increase in the number of radio and television stations and of registered print and online media organizations in Rwanda.

Notwithstanding some positive legislative developments, we are concerned about ongoing civic space restrictions, and the vast and growing disconnect between law and practice in freedom of expression and media freedoms, which remain severely and unwarrantedly restricted. We also note with concern that institutional and legal impediments for protection of human rights remain; authorities continue to target and attack HRDs despite commitments made during the second UPR cycle to strengthen policies aimed to protect them. Investigation and accountability for perpetrators of human rights abuses, are still challenges for the new administration.

We are concerned by restrictions, both by public authorities and legal frameworks, on freedom of peaceful assembly despite this right being enshrined in the constitution. The continued use of Law No. 68/2018 - Determining Offences and Penalties in General, hinders citizens from exercising their freedom to associate and assembly.

Madame President, CIVICUS and its partners call on the Government of Rwanda to immediately and urgently take proactive measures to implement all UPR recommendations, particularly pertaining to efforts to addressing civic space and human rights.

Civic space in Rwanda is rated as Repressed by the CIVICUS Monitor